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Distillation - The First Part of Crude Oil Refining

Oil and gas executive Jamil Abubakar is the executive director of Aximities Energy Limited. At the Lagos, Nigeria-based company, Jamil Abubakar oversees distillation and filtration processes to produce the best automotive gas oil.

Distillation is an essential part of crude oil refining. Crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, all of which have different uses. Distillation, the first stage in refinery, is where these hydrocarbons or fractions are extracted.

The process entails inputting the crude into a distillation column from where it is heated. Individual fractions boil off at different temperatures. Light products like butane and liquid petroleum gases are extracted at light temperatures. Slightly heavier products like kerosene, jet fuel, and distillate are recovered at mid-range temperatures. The heavier products like residual fuel oil are extracted at temperatures as high as 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit. According to the US Energy Information Administration, a 42-gallon barrel of crude gives about 20 gallons of automotive gas, 12 gallons of distillate fuel, and four gallons of jet fuel.